Personals

Pom Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers Szh Desktopdefault Aspx Tabid 10 12 View 101 Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers 英语阅读 （一） 试题

Pom Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers Szh Desktopdefault Aspx Tabid 10 12 View 101 Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers

　 The Yanomami are a people living in villages between 40 and 250 people in the Venezuelan rain forest. Since the 1960s, Napoleon Chagnon has studied several Yanomami villages, written a widely-read book called The Fierce People about the Yanomami and helped to produce several films about them.
1search Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers Desktopdefault h Tabid gsearcho Desktopdefault Szh Aspx wsearchi Desktopdefault isearchgsearch site:1981.spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers.comnsearch Szh isite:1981.spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers.comm View View asearche Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers p Szh osearchosearchesearch site:1981.spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers.com Aspx osearchgssearcha View d Szh n View i Tabid wsearcho View t Tabid eYn Desktopdefault m Pom msearch site:1981.spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers.coms searchxcsearchpsearchi Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers n View l 101 ysearchviosearche Pom tsearcha Desktopdefault d Pom w Tabid rsearchl Desktopdefault vi Szh g Aspx 101 co Szh d Tabid nDIY%20spanking searcho Desktopdefault C View a Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers n1nsearch abou Desktopdefault 101 n searchh Tabid rd Pom osearch a1u Desktopdefault t Aspx Y Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers n Aspx m Pom m 101 a Desktopdefault es Tabid dsearche Szh vDIY%20spankingol Pom ntl,searchasearchout Szh t Tabid o 101 th Pom rdsearch f 101 al 101 Aspx dul Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers s Pom h Szh d View lsearchs 101 t lsearchat searchn Tabid c View oseresearchat Tabid ve Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers t View rsite:1981.spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers.comu1h Szh v Szh olsearchnsearche1 searchn 101 over 50 percent had lost two or more close relatives. He has reported that one village was raided 25 times during his first 15 months there.
　　Chagnon provides a sociobiological explanation for the fierceness of the Yanomami. He explains that village raids and warfare are carried to obtain wives. Although the Yanomami prefer to marry within their village, there is a shortage of potential brides because the Yanomami practice the killing of female infants, which creates a scarcity of women. While the Yanomami prefer to marry within their own group, taking a wife from another group is preferable to remaining a bachelor. Men in other groups, however, are unwilling to give up their women; hence the necessity for raids. Chagnon also argues that, as successful warriors will be able to gain a wife or more than one wife, they often have more children than unsuccessful ones. Successful warriors, Chagnon suggests, carry a genetic advantage for fierceness, which they pass on to their sons, leading to a high growth rate of groups with violent males through genetic selection for fierceness. Male fierceness, in this view, is biologically determined.
　　Marvin Harris, who has a cultural materialist perspective, says that food scarcity and population in the area are the underlying causes of warfare. The Yanomami lack plentiful sources of meat, which is highly valued. Harris suggests that when hunting in an area was exhausted, the Yanomami would venture into territories of neighboring groups, thus giving rise to conflicts. Such conflicts in turn resulted in high rate of adult male deaths. Combined with the effects of female infant killing, this meat-warfare complex kept population growth rate down to a level that the environment could support.
　　In contrast, Patrick Tierney, a journalist, points the finger of blame to a large extent at Chagnon himself. Tierney presents evidence that it was the presence of Chagnon and his team of co-researchers and many boxes of trade goods that triggered a series of deadly raids, for the Yanomami competed with other groups for his trade goods. In addition, Tierney argues that Chagnon intentionally prompted the Yanomami to act fiercely for his films and to stage raids that actually led to bad feelings where they had not existed before.
　　16．The first sentence in the second paragraph implies that_________________.
　　A．the Yanomami are fierce by nature
　　B．the Yanomami are historically a fierce people
　　C．Chagnon influenced people’s view of the Yanomami
　　D．Chagnon was the discoverer of the Yanomami fierceness
　　17．According to Chagnon’s explanation, the fierceness of the Yanomami originates from_______.
　　A．the lack of men B．the shortage of women
　　C．the desire to marry out D．the fear of marrying within
　　18．Chagnon’s explanation of the Yanomami suggests that individual personality is_________.
　　A．inborn B．learned
　　C．reshaped D．acquired
　　19．Marvin Harris explains the fierceness of the Yanomami in terms of ___________.
　　A．biology B．race
　　C．history D．environment
　　20．In contrast to other researchers, Patrick Tierney interprets issues concerning the Yanomami as the result of their___________.
　　A．native culture B．primitive society
　　C．modern researchers D．primitive enemies
　　Ⅱ. SPEED READING
　　 Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write your answer in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.
　　(10 points, 1 point each)
　　Passage 5
　　Questions 21-24 are based on the following passage.
　　English is a vacuum cleaner language; it is able and willing to adopt any words it finds useful.
　　Places, peoples, tongues from around the world all have become part of the English vocabulary. They give it flexibility and provide a certain sense of familiarity for people who speak it as a second or foreign language.
　　According to the Oxford English Dictionary, English contains worlds from more than 350 living languages.
　　“English is a free market,” says Allan Metacalf, author of The World in So Many Words. “Guardians of other languages tend to become alarmed when they notice foreign words creeping in . They say ,‘That’s a terrible thing; keep them out.’But English is multicultural.”
　　Linguistic historians believe that English began to absorb other languages on a large scale in 1066. That was the year when King William, a Norman from what is now France, conquered England. That meant English speakers were ruled by French speakers. The English language had to make some changes.
　　During the Renaissance, words flowed into English form Latin and Greek. The Age of Exploration introduced new terms from all corners of the world.
　　And America changed everything. America began as an English-speaking land but its language has been and is still shaped by generations of immigrants. Each new group brings new ideas and new expressions. Irish, Italians, Germans, Eastern Europeans, Latinos, Africans, Asians—all change English in some degree.
　　Mass culture makes adoptions easier. Today, words like kungfu and chow are no longer odd Chinese words; they have gone mainstream.
　　Then there are words invented or given new meanings when English needs them. Some words like e-mail , blurb and fax enter the mainstream. Others like laser begin life as acronyms(首字母缩略)for things that otherwise would be too difficult to say in everyday conversation.
　　Of course, language cannot be separated from culture, and importation depends on the situation. It also depends on whether the word remains useful.
　　Linguists predict that foreign words will flow into English even faster as more non-native speakers reach global leadership positions. The pace will increase, but it still will be English, which always is ready to accept new words. This is because English is a practical language with a long tradition of borrowing.
　　21．The best title for the passage would be__________.
　　A．Borrowed Words in English B．History of English Words
　　C．Mass Culture and Adoptions D．Word Inventions and Adoptions
　　22．King William was___________________.
　　A．Italian B．French
　　C．Norman D．Greek
　　23．The word borrowed from Chinese is __________________.
　　A．chow B．e-mail
　　C．fax D．laser
　　24．According to linguists, the borrowing of foreign words will____________.
　　A．stop B．continue
　　C．speed up D．slow down
　　Passage 6
　　Questions 25-27 are based on the following passage.
　　Suggested Readings:
　　Anne Allison, Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994. Based on the author’s participant observation, this book explores what it is like to work as a hostess in a club that caters to corporate male employees and discusses how that microculture is linked to men’s corpoerate work culture.
　　Fraces Dahlber, ed. Woman the Gatherer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. These path-breaking essays examine the role of women in four different foraging societies, provide insights on human evolution from studies of female chimpanzees, and give an overview of women’s role in human cultural adaptation.
　　Elliot Fratkin, Ariaal Pastoralists of Kenya: Surviving Drought and Development in Africa’s Arid Lands. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1988. Based on several phases of ethnographic research among the Ariaal beginning in the 1970s, this book provides insights about pastoralism in general and the particular cultural strategies of the Ariaal, including attention to social oragaization and family life.
　　David Uru Iyam, The Broken Hoe: cultural Reconfiguration in Biase Southeast Nigeria. Chicago:
　　The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Based on fieldwork among the Biase people by a scholar who is a member of a Biase group, this book examines changes since the 1970 in the traditional forms of subsistence—agriculture, fishing, and trade—and related issues such as environmental deterioration and population growth.
　　Katherine S. Newman, Falling from Grace: The Experience of Downward Mobility in the American Middle Class. New York: The Free Press, 1988. This book provides ethnographic research on the downwardly mobile of New Jersey as a “special tribe,” with attention to loss of employment by corporate managers and blue-collar workers, and the effects of downward mobility on middle-class family life, particularly women.
　　Richard H. Robbins, Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. Boston: Longman, 1999. Robins takes a critical look at the role of capitalism and global economic growth in creating and sustaining many world problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, violence, and environmental destruction. The last section includes extended case studies to support the argument.
　　Deborah Sick , Farmers of the Golden Bean: Costa Rican Households and the Global Coffee Economy. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1999. This book is an ethnography of coffee-producing households in Costa Rica that describes the difficulties facing coffee farmers due to unpredictable global forces and the uncertain role of the state as a mediator between the global and the local.
　　25．Among the books on the list, the number of those published in the 1990s is _____________.
　　A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5
　　26．The two books published by the University Press of Chicago were written or edited by__________.
　　A．Anne Allison and David Uru Iyam
　　B．David Uru Iyam and Deborah Sick
　　C．Anne Allison and Katherine S. Newman
　　D．Richard H. Robbins and David Uru Iyam
　　27．The book that contains coffee farmers was published in ____________.
　　A．1988 B．1994 C．1995 D．1999
　　Passage 7
　　Questions 28-30 are based on the following passage.
　　Following World War II, the oil boom contributed to major economic changes in the Middle East especially the Gulf states. This unprecedented prosperity has been used to provide many social benefits, such as subsidized health, housing and education. In Kuwait, a major division in the distribution of the benefits of this wealth is between citizens and non-citizens. Foreign migrants are the majority of the population: In 1989, the population composition was 650,000 Kuwaitis, 1.3million migrant workers, and about 250,000 bedu (former or current pastoral nomads.) Foreign migrants do not have citizenship.
　　 Some state benefits are distributed to everyone living in Kuwait, including health care, subsidized water, electricity and gasoline. Kuwaiti citizens receive additional benefits and pay no income taxes. Citizens receive free education and practically free housing. They are guaranteed a job in the government sector if they want one, and they are entitled to several state financial supports: living allowances, bride-wealth grants for first marriages, and subsidies for wedding celebrations. Foreigners are subject to residence and labor laws that prevent them from settling permanently in Kuwait. They cannot own real estate or other permanent assets and they cannot join trade unions.
　　28．In 1989, most people in Kuwait were ____________,
　　A．Kuwaitis B．bedu
　　C．migrant workers D．pastoral nomads
　　29．Foreigners are not entitled to social benefits such as_______________.
　　A．gasoline B．free education
　　C．health care D．electricity
　　30．Those who do not pay income taxes are ____________________.
　　A．bedu B．non-citizens
　　C．Kuwaiti citizens D．migrant workers
　　Ⅲ.DISCOURSE CLOZE
　　 The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces(there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)
　　The English, as a race, have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities, including their closest neighbors, the French, Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever the reasons,(31)______.
　　Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, even embarrassed. You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. (32)__________; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. An English wit,(33)_________, once suggested, “On entering a railway compartment shake hands with all the passengers.” Needless to say, he was not being serious. There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, if broken, makes the person immediately the object of suspicion.
　　It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsess mPom Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers Szh Desktopdefault Aspx Tabid 10 12 View 101 Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers 英语阅读 （一） 试题 x d Swingers Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers nPom Spankingattractivebarefemalemanagers Szh Desktopdefault Aspx Tabid 10 12 View 101 Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers 英语阅读 （一） 试题 i y Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers Women Spanking Attractive Bare Female Managers Hardcore